FROM RHS SYLLABUS
R2101
PLANT CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
( https://www.rhs.org.uk/education-learning/pdf/qualifications/Level-2/q-qao-qualification-specification-level-2-principl.pdf )

FROM
LEARNING OUTCOME 1
1 OF 4 IN THIS SYLLABUS
The learner will:

Know the characteristics and naming of the main groups of plants and their life cycles.

WHICH HAS 4 ASSEMENT CRITERIA (The leaner can):

  • 1.1 Describe plant groups of significance to horticulture
  • 1.2 Understand botanical and horticultural plant names
  • 1.3 Describe the stages in plant growth
  • 1.4 Define a range of botnaical and horticultural terms relating to plant growth

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1.1

Describe plant groups of significance to horticulture

This is the FIRST of the 4 criteria for this learning outcome.

This Assessment Criteria has:
2 INDICATORS OF KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING

Summary of Indicators

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria are:

  1. IDENTIFY DIFFERENCES: GYNOSPERM, ANGIOSPERM
  2. IDENTIFY DIFFERENCES: MONOCOTYLEDON, DICOTYLEDON

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria

1 of X) IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONIFERS AND FLOWERING PLANTS

feature Conifer (Gymnosperm) Flowering (Angiosperm)
Deciduousness Mostly Evergreen Evergreen AND Deciduous
Flowers and Seeds Cones, Naked seeds Flowers, Enclosed seed
Life cycle Perennial All life cycles (perennial, biennial, annual)
Woodiness Woody Woody and herbaceous

2 of 2) DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MONOCOTYLEDONS & DICOTYLEDONS

features of:
• root
• stem
• leaf
• flower
• seed
including internal arrangements of vascular bundles in stems and roots.

feature Monocot Dicot
Number of cotyledons 1 2
Leaves Narrow with parallel veins Broad with branching veins
Roots Fibrous Usually tap root
Vascular bundles Scattered throughout stems and roots Arranged in a ring around stems and roots
Flower parts in 3s in 4s or 5s

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1.2

Understand botanical and horticultural plant names

This is the SECOND of the 4 criteria for this learning outcome.

This Assessment Criteria has:
10 INDICATORS OF KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING

Summary of Indicators

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria are:

  1. STATE: [REASONS WHY IMPORTANT][5] BOTANICAL PLANT NAME
  2. DESCRIBE: BINOMIAL SYSTEM
  3. STATE: [MEANING]: “GENUS”
  4. STATE: [MEANING]: “SPECIES”
  5. STATE: [HOW WRITTEN : BINOMIAL NAME ]
  6. PLANT EXAMPLES [BINOMIAL NAME : HOW WRITTEN][3]
  7. DESCRIBE: [CULTIVATED PLANT: NAMING OF]
  8. STATE: [MEANING]: “CULTIVAR”
  9. STATE: [HOW WRITTEN : CULTIVAR NAME ]
  10. PLANT EXAMPLES [CULTIVAR NAME : HOW WRITTEN] [3]

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria

1 of 10) STATE THE REASONS WHY BOTANICAL PLANT NAMES ARE IMPORTANT

  • Stability
  • Uniqueness
  • Internationally Understood
  • Avoid confusion over common names
  • Allows plant identification and communication

2 of 10) DESCRIBE THE BINOMIAL SYSTEM OF NAMING PLANTS

Plants are categorised as a SPECIES WITHIN a GENUS

3 of 10) STATE THE MEANING OF THE TERM “GENUS”

SPECIES: A Taxonomic rank below “GENUS”

4 of 10) STATE THE MEANING OF THE TERM “SPECIES”

GENUS: A Taxonomic rank below “FAMILY”

5 of 10) STATE HOW BINOMIAL NAMES ARE WRITTEN

  • Italicised OR
  • Underlined
  • Capitalised genus name only
  • Use X for inter-generic hybrids
  • Use x for inter-specific hybrids

6 of 10) GIVE 3 PLANT EXAMPLES SHOWING HOW BINOMIAL NAMES ARE WRITTEN

  1. Budleja davidii
  2. Rosmarinus officinalis
  3. X Cuprocyparis leylandii

7 of 10) DESCRIBE THE NAMING OF CULTIVATED PLANTS

International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) is published by International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) https://www.ishs.org/
Culitvated Plant Taxonomy Group (HORTAX) http://www.hortax.org.uk/

8 of 10) STATE THE MEANING OF THE TERM “CULTIVAR”

CULTIVAR = CULTIVATED VARIETY

  • Displays morphological differences to the specimen plant and other varieties within the species.
  • Result of sexual reproduction
  • Natural OR deliberate intervention (breeding)

9 of 10) STATE HOW A PLANT CULTIVAR NAME IS WRITTEN

Written in single quotation marks
Capitalised case without emphais (NO italic or underline)

10 of 10) GIVE 3 PLANT EXAMPLES SHOWING HOW A PLANT CULTIVAR NAME IS WRITTEN

  1. Lonicera nitida ‘Baggessens Gold’
  2. Photinia x fraserii ‘Red Robin’
  3. Anemone Wild Swan = ‘Macane001’ (PBR)

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1.3

Describe the stages of plant growth

This is the THIRD of the 4 criteria for this learning outcome.

This Assessment Criteria has:
5 INDICATORS OF KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING

Summary of Indicators

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria are:

  1. DESCRIBE: [SEED: MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE FOR HORTICULTURE]
  2. DESCRIBE: [JUVENILE (VEGETATIVE): MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE FOR HORTICULTURE]
  3. DESCRIBE: [ADULT (REPRODUCTIVE): MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE FOR HORTICULTURE]
  4. DESCRIBE: [SCENESCENCE: MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE FOR HORTICULTURE]
  5. DESCRIBE: [DEATH: MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE FOR HORTICULTURE]

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria

1 of 5 ) DESCRIBE THE SEED STAGE OF PLANT LIFE CYCLE ITS SIGNIFICANCE AND FOR HORTICULTURE

  • SEED is the EMBRYO of a new plant
  • EMBRYO is enclosed in a TESTA
  • Has a FOOD STORE in the COTYLEDONS or ENDOSPERM
  • Plant is DORMANT
  • Plant has LOW RESPIRATION
  • Method of DISTRIBUTION
  • Can be short or long period before germination

2 of 5 ) DESCRIBE THE JUVENILE (VEGETATIVE) STAGE OF PLANT LIFE CYCLE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR HORTICULTURE

  • Period of VEGETATIVE GROWTH
  • NON-FLOWERING
  • NON-SEXUAL
  • Can have different characteristics from Adult

3 of 5 ) DESCRIBE THE ADULT (REPRODUCTIVE) STAGE OF PLANT LIFE CYCLE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR HORTICULTURE

  • Plant starts to FLOWER, and produce FRUIT and SEED (SEXUAL REPRODUCTION)
  • Often the stage for which the plant is grown (Enjoy flowers, harvest fruit)
  • Adult material can be grafted onto juvenile root stock to speed development ( e.g. Wisteria sinensis)

4 of 5 ) DESCRIBE THE SENESCENCE STAGE OF PLANT LIFE CYCLE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR HORTICULTURE

  • FLOWERING and FRUITING CEASE
  • LEAVES show AUTUMN COLOUR

5 of 5 ) DESCRIBE THE DEATH STAGE OF PLANT LIFE CYCLE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR HORTICULTURE

  • METABOLIC PROCESSES CEASE (PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION)
  • CELL DEATH

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1.4

Define a range of botanical and horticultural terms relating to plant growth

This is the LAST of the 4 criteria for this learning outcome.

This Assessment Criteria has:
32 INDICATORS OF KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING

Summary of Indicators

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria are:

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria

1 of X ) DEFINE BOTANICAL TERM ‘ANNUAL’

ANNUAL (dis. Botany) = Plant which COMPLETES LIFE CYCLE in ONE growing SEASON

2 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF ANNUAL (IN BOTANICAL MEANING) PLANTS

  1. Lathyrus oderatus (Sweet Pea)
  2. Vicia faba (Broad bean)

3 of X ) DEFINE BOTANICAL TERM ‘EPHEMERAL’

EPHEMERAL = REPEATS LIFE CYCLE SEVERAL TIMES in ONE growing SEASON

4 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF EPHEMERAL (IN BOTANICAL MEANING) PLANTS

  1. Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepherd’s Purse)
  2. Cardamine hirsuta (Hairy Bittercress)

5 of X ) DEFINE BOTANICAL TERM ‘BIENNIAL’

BIENNIAL(dis. Botany) = Plant which COMPLETES LIFE CYCLE in TWO growing SEASONS

6 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF BIENNIAL (IN BOTANICAL MEANING) PLANTS

  1. Lunaria annua (Honesty)
  2. Digitalis purpurea f. albiflora

7 of X ) DEFINE BOTANICAL TERM ‘PERENNIAL’

PERENNIAL(dis. Botany) = Plant which COMPLETES LIFE CYCLE after MORE THAN TWO growing SEASONS

8 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF PERENNIAL (IN BOTANICAL MEANING) PLANTS

  1. Ilex aquifolium (Holly)
  2. Camellia japonica (Camellia)

9 of X ) DEFINE HORTICULTURAL MEANING OF TERM ‘ANNUAL’

ANNUAL (dis. Horticulture) = A TRUE ANNUAL (dis. Botany) OR BIENNIAL(dis. Botany) OR PERENNIAL(dis. Botany) GROWN for a SINGLE SEASON.

  • e.g. BEDDING plants
  • often perform better in first season, although they continue to live
  • can be tender perennials

10 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF ANNUAL (IN HORTICULTURAL MEANING) PLANTS

Tender perennials grown as annuals:

  1. Gaura lindheimeri 'The Bride’
  2. Salvia coccinea

11 of X ) DEFINE HORTICULTURAL MEANING OF TERM ‘BIENNIAL’

BIENNIAL (dis. Horticulture) = A TRUE BIENNIAL(dis. Botany) OR PERENNIAL(dis. Botany) GROWN OVER TWO SEASONS ONLY

12 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF BIENNIAL (IN HORTICULTURAL MEANING) PLANTS

True perennials treated as biennials:

  1. Bellis perennis
  2. Erysimum cheiri (Wallflower)

13 of X ) DEFINE HORTICULTURAL MEANING OF TERM ‘PERENNIAL’

PERENNIAL (dis. Horticulture) = A TRUE PERENNIAL(dis. Botany) , but not necessarily grown over multiple seasons.

14 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF PERENNIAL (IN HORTICULTURAL MEANING) PLANTS

?

  1. Bellis perennis
  2. Erysimum cheiri (Wallflower)

15 of X ) DEFINE BOTANICAL TERM ‘HERBACEOUS’

HERBACEOUS

16 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF HERBACEOUS (IN BOTANICAL MEANING) PLANTS

17 of X ) DEFINE BOTANICAL TERM ‘WOODY’

WOODY =

18 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF WOODY (IN BOTANICAL MEANING) PLANTS

  1. Ilex aquifolium (Holly)
  2. Camellia japonica (Camellia)

19 of X ) DEFINE BOTANICAL TERM ‘EVERGREEN’

EVERGREEN =

20 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF EVERGREEN (IN BOTANICAL MEANING) PLANTS

  1. Ilex aquifolium (Holly)
  2. Camellia japonica (Camellia)

21 of X ) DEFINE BOTANICAL TERM ‘SEMI-EVERGREEN’

SEMI-EVERGREEN

22 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF SEMI-EVERGREEN (IN BOTANICAL MEANING) PLANTS

  1. Cotoneaster horizontalis
  2. Buddleja davidii 'Black Knight’

23 of X ) DEFINE HORTICULTURAL MEANING OF TERM ‘TENDER PERENNIAL’

TENDER PERENNIAL

24 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF TENDER PERENNIAL (IN HORTICULTURAL MEANING) PLANTS

  1. Gaura lindheimeri 'The Bride’
  2. Salvia coccinea

25 of X ) DEFINE HORTICULTURAL MEANING OF TERM ‘HALF HARDY ANNUAL’

HALF HARDY ANNUAL

26 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF HALF HARDY ANNUAL (IN HORTICULTIRAL MEANING) PLANTS

27 of X ) DEFINE HORTICULTURAL MEANING OF TERM ‘HARDY ANNUAL’

HARDY ANNUAL

28 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF HARDY ANNUAL PERENNIAL (IN HORTICULTIRAL MEANING) PLANTS

  1. Nigella damascena ‘Miss Jekyll’ (Love-In-A-Mist)
  2. Centaurea cyanus (Cornflower)

29 of X ) DEFINE THE TERM ‘SHRUB’

SHRUB

30 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF SHRUBS

  1. Cotoneaster horizontalis
  2. Buddleja davidii 'Black Knight’

31 of X ) DEFINE THE TERM ‘TREE’

TREE

32 of X ) GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF TREES

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