Describe the structure of plant cells and state the functions of plant cell components and tissues.

Draw a typical plant cell

PLANT CELL

REQUIRED LABELS

1. CELL WALL (Outer)
2. CELL MEMBRANE (Inner)
3. CYTOPLASM
4. CHLOROPLAST (Larger)
5. MITOCHONDRION (Smaller)
6. VACUOLE
7. NUCLEUS

   State the function of: cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, vacuole, cytoplasm, chloroplast & mitochondrion.

CELL WALL

• Controls the shape of the cell
• Limits cell expansion

CELL MEMBRANE

• Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell (it is SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE)

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

NUCLEUS

• Contains genetic information so controls cell processes

VACUOLE

• Controls cell TURGOR
• Stores waste products

CELL TURGOR Water entering a cell increases the water pressure in the cell so putting pressure onto the cell wall, creating cell turgor or turgidity.

CYTOPLASM

• Enables substances to transported within the cell

CHLOROPLAST

• The SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS in the cell
• Contains CHLOROPHYLL used as a CATALYST in PHOTOSYNTHESIS

CHLOROPHYLL

CATALYST

MITOCHONDRION

• Perform RESPIRATION to release energy

Describe where cell division is located within the plant - apical and lateral meristems.

CELL DIVISION

1. CELL DIVISION - The ZONE OF CELL DIVISION - MERISTEMATIC cells DIVIDE - These are basic, UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS

MERISTEMATIC CELLS MERISTEMATIC cells are those with the power of division

APICAL MERISTEM

• APICAL MERISTEM: - In shoots (Buds) & - root tips Cell division. Zone of elongation – cells elongate giving growth. Zone of differentiation/maturation – layers of tissues form. Root hairs – produce a vast surface area for water and mineral uptake.

LATERAL MERISTEM

• LATERAL MERISTEM: - Lateral (sideways) growth - SECONDARY THICKENING - The CAMBIUM layer in VASCULAR BUNDLES

CAMBIUM Cell division/responsible for secondary thickening, producing new xylem and phloem.

VASCULAR BUNDLE Vascular bundle in dicots – are the conductive bundles protected in sheaths of phloem/xylem/cambium – can be strengthening in the stem. (No cambium in monocots).

SECONDARY THICKENING

Describe how plants increase in size – cell division and enlargement (NO DETAILS OF MITOSIS ARE REQUIRED).

ZONE OF CELL DIVISION

CELL ELONGATION

1. CELL ELONGATION - The ZONE OF CELL ELONGATION - The divided cells the ELONGATE

ZONE OF CELL ELONGATION

CELL DIFFERENTIATION

1. CELL DIFFERENTIATION - The ZONE OF CELL DIFFERNTIATION - The elongated cells DIFFERENTIATE - The DIFFERENTIATED CELLS form specialised PLANT TISSUES

ZONE OF CELL DIFFERENTIATION

DIFFERENTIATED CELLS - The DIFFERENTIATED CELLS form specialised PLANT TISSUES

UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS