FROM RHS SYLLABUS
R2101
PLANT CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
( https://www.rhs.org.uk/education-learning/pdf/qualifications/Level-2/q-qao-qualification-specification-level-2-principl.pdf )

FROM
LEARNING OUTCOME 2
2 OF 4 IN THIS SYLLABUS
The learner will:

Know the structure and function of plants cells, tissues and vegetative organs.

WHICH HAS 5 ASSEMENT CRITERIA (The leaner can):

  • 2.1 (CELLS) Describe the structure of plant cells and state the functions of plant cell components and tissues.
  • 2.2 (TISSUES) Describe the characteristics and state the function of plant tissues.
  • 2.3 (ROOTS) Describe the structure and state the functions of roots.
  • 2.4 (STEMS) Describe the structure and state the functions of stems.
  • 2.5 (LEAVES) Describe the structure and state the functions of stems.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 2.1

CELLS

Describe the structure of plant cells and state the functions of plant cell components and tissues

This is the FIRST of the 5 criteria for this learning outcome.

This Assessment Criteria has:
10 INDICATORS OF KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING

Summary of Indicators

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria are:

1 OF 10) DRAW A TYPICAL PLANT CELL
2 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: CELL WALL
3 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: CELL MEMBRANE
4 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: NUCLEUS
5 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: VACUOLE
6 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: CYTOPLASM
7 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: CHLOROPLAST
8 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: MITOCHONDRION
9 OF 10) DESCRIBE WHERE CELL DIVISION IS LOCATED WITHIN THE PLANT
10 OF 10) DESCRIBE HOW PLANTS INCREASE IN SIZE:

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria

1 OF 10) DRAW A TYPICAL PLANT CELL

This is the image from the June 2017 past paper ( https://www.rhs.org.uk/education-learning/pdf/qualifications/Level-2/Past-papers/R2101-June-17.pdf )

Typical Plant Cell Unlabled

REQUIRED LABELS

  1. CELL WALL (Outer)
  2. CELL MEMBRANE (Inner)
  3. CYTOPLASM
  4. CHLOROPLAST (Larger)
  5. MITOCHONDRION (Smaller)
  6. VACUOLE
  7. NUCLEUS

The examiner’s comments were:
Typical Plant Cell Examiners comments

IF YOU ARE ASKED TO STATE ONE FUNCTION FOR EACH BELOW, THEN ONLY GIVE ONE ANSWER

2 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: CELL WALL

  • Controls the shape of the cell
  • Limits cell expansion

3 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: CELL MEMBRANE

  • Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell (it is SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE)

4 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: NUCLEUS

  • Contains genetic information so controls cell processes

5 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: VACUOLE

  • Controls cell TURGOR
  • Stores waste products

6 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: CYTOPLASM

  • Enables substances to transported within the cell

7 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: CHLOROPLAST

  • The SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS in the cell
  • Contains CHLOROPHYLL used as a CATALYST in PHOTOSYNTHESIS

PAST PAPER
JUN 2016 2 b) [ANSWERS]
Chloroplast - site of photosynthesis, site of chlorophyll synthesis

PAST PAPER
JUN 2016 2 a) [QUESTION]
Name the site of photosynthesis in the cell

8 OF 10) STATE THE FUNCTION OF: MITOCHONDRION

  • Perform RESPIRATION to release energy

9 OF 10) DESCRIBE WHERE CELL DIVISION IS LOCATED WITHIN THE PLANT:
MERISTEMATIC cells are those with the power of division.

  • APICAL MERISTEM:
    • In shoots (Buds) &
    • root tips
  • LATERAL MERISTEM:
    • Lateral (sideways) growth
    • SECONDARY THICKENING
    • The CAMBIUM layer in VASCULAR BUNDLES

10 OF 10) DESCRIBE HOW PLANTS INCREASE IN SIZE:

  1. CELL DIVISION
    • The ZONE OF CELL DIVISION
    • MERISTEMATIC cells DIVIDE
    • These are basic, UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS
  2. CELL ELONGATION
    • The ZONE OF CELL ELONGATION
    • The divided cells the ELONGATE
  3. CELL DIFFERENTIATION
    • The ZONE OF CELL DIFFERNTIATION
    • The elongated cells DIFFERENTIATE
    • The DIFFERENTIATED CELLS form specialised PLANT TISSUES
  4. CELL MATURATION
    • The ZONE OF CELL MATURATION
    • The cells MATURE

Root tip meristem

Image credit: SuperManu [CC BY-SA 2.5 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5)], from Wikimedia Commons

  1. Meristem
  2. Columelle (statocytes with statolithes)
  3. Lateral part of the tip
  4. Dead cells
  5. Elongation zone

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 2.2

TISSUES

Describe the characteristics and state the function of plant tissues.

This is the SECOND of the 5 criteria for this learning outcome.

This Assessment Criteria has:
X INDICATORS OF KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING

Summary of Indicators

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria are:
1 OF 11) STATE WHAT IS MEANT BY THE TERM “PLANT TISSUE”
2 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTECTIVE TISSUE (EPIDERMIS)
3 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF EPIDERMIS
4 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MERISTEMATIC TISSUE (CAMBIUM) 5 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF CAMBIUM
6 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PHLOEM (A TRANSPORT TISSUE) 7 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF PHLOEM
8 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF XYLEM (A TRANSPORT TISSUE) 9 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF XYLEM
10 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PACKING TISSUE (PARENCHYMA )
11 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF PARENCHYMA

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria

Plant cell types

1 OF 11) STATE WHAT IS MEANT BY THE TERM “PLANT TISSUE”

  • PLANT TISSUES are GROUPS OF DIFFERENTIATED CELLS forming LAYERS WITH SPECIALISED FUNCTIONS
  • Can be formed from ONE OR MORE TYPES OF CELL
  • PRIMARY TISSUE results from growth at the APICAL MERISTEMS (stems and roots)
  • SECONDARY TISSUE result form growth at the LATERAL MERISTEMS (CAMBIUM in stems and roots) Secondary growth
    Credit: de:Benutzer:Griensteidl - Cehagenmerak [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons (to be relabelled)

enter image description here

Woody dicor stem secondary phloem
Credit: Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons

Secondary growth in tree
Credit: Brer Lappin [Public domain], from Wikimedia Commons

2 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTECTIVE TISSUE (EPIDERMIS)

  • Single layer of living cells
  • Flattened
  • No air spaces between
  • Waterproof
  • Airtight
  • Waxy cuticle
  • Can form EPIDERMAL HAIRS

3 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF EPIDERMIS

4 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MERISTEMATIC TISSUE (CAMBIUM)

5 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF CAMBIUM

6 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PHLOEM (A TRANSPORT TISSUE)

7 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF PHLOEM

8 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF XYLEM (A TRANSPORT TISSUE)

9 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF XYLEM

10 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PACKING TISSUE (PARENCHYMA )

11 OF 11) DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF PARENCHYMA

PAST PAPERS
FEB 18 Q2 (a)
FEB 18 2a Q
FEB 18 2a A

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 2.3

ROOTS

Describe the characteristics and state the function of roots.

This is the THIRD of the 5 criteria for this learning outcome.

This Assessment Criteria has:
X INDICATORS OF KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING

Summary of Indicators

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria are:

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 2.4

STEMS

Describe the characteristics and state the function of stems.

This is the FOURTH of the 5 criteria for this learning outcome.

This Assessment Criteria has:
X INDICATORS OF KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING

Summary of Indicators

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria are:

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 2.5

LEAVES

Describe the characteristics and state the function of leaves.

This is the LAST of the 5 criteria for this learning outcome.

This Assessment Criteria has:
X INDICATORS OF KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING

Summary of Indicators

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria are:

Knowledge & Understanding Indicators for this Assessment Criteria

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